47. Solution to Chemistry Problem

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• Construct a phase diagram (melting diagram for system A – B) based on the data on the crystallization onset temperature of a two-component system given in Table 2. Perform the following tasks using the diagram:
• Mark with dots: I – liquid melt containing a% of substance A at temperature T1; II – melt containing a% of substance A in equilibrium with crystals of a chemical compound; III – a system consisting of solid substance A in equilibrium with a melt containing b% of substance A; IV – equilibrium of phases of the same composition; V – equilibrium of three phases;
• determine the compositions of chemical compounds;
• determine the qualitative and quantitative compositions of eutectics;
• plot all types of cooling curves possible in a given system; indicate which compositions on the diagram these curves correspond to;
• in what physical state are the systems containing b, g, d% of substance A at temperature T1 (see Table 3)? What will happen to these systems if they are cooled to temperature T2;
• determine the number of phases and the number of thermodynamic degrees of freedom of the system at the eutectic temperature and content of A: a) 95 mol. %; b) 20 mol. %;
• at what temperature will the melt containing b% of substance A begin to solidify? At what temperature will it solidify completely? What is the composition of the first crystals that fall out;
• at what temperature will the alloy containing g% of substance A begin to melt? At what temperature will it melt completely? What is the composition of the first drops of the melt;
• calculate the heats of fusion of substances A and B;
• what component and in what quantity will crystallize if 2 kg of the melt containing a% of substance A is cooled from T1 to T2?

Table 2

No. of options System Composition A,

mol. % T of the beginning of crystallization, K

1

A – KCl

B – SnCl2 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

52.5

55

70

80

100 512

507

496

479

477

481

478

473

460

481

497

583

658

853

952

1050

Table 3

No. of var. T1, K a b c d e T2, K

1 493 45 75 5 25 75 463

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